Diabetes in South Africa: Prevention and Early Signs

Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing chronic conditions in South Africa, with over 4.5 million people currently affected and many more undiagnosed. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for roughly 90 percent of all cases, is largely preventable through lifestyle modifications and early detection.

Understanding the early warning signs is crucial. Common symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination (especially at night), unexplained fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing wounds or frequent infections, tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, and unexplained weight loss. Many people dismiss these symptoms as stress or ageing, which delays diagnosis and increases the risk of serious complications.

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include a family history of the condition, being overweight or obese (particularly carrying excess weight around the abdomen), a sedentary lifestyle, a diet high in refined carbohydrates and sugars, and being over the age of 45. South Africa's high rates of obesity and urbanisation contribute significantly to the diabetes epidemic.

Regular glucose screening is one of the most effective tools for early detection. A simple fasting blood glucose test or HbA1c test can identify diabetes or pre-diabetes before symptoms become severe. At NeoHealth, we recommend annual screening for all adults over 40, and earlier for those with risk factors.

Prevention centres on sustainable lifestyle changes: maintaining a healthy weight, exercising for at least 150 minutes per week, choosing whole grains over refined carbohydrates, increasing vegetable and fibre intake, and limiting sugary drinks. If you have been diagnosed with pre-diabetes, these changes can significantly reduce your risk of progressing to full diabetes. Book a screening at NeoHealth to know your numbers and take control of your health.